Pengetahuan Tentang MLM (Multi Level Marketing)
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MLM atau Multi Level Marketing adalah sistem penjualan yang memanfaatkan konsumen sebagai tenaga penyalur secara langsung. Harga barang yang ditawarkan di tingkat konsumen adalah harga produksi ditambah komisi yang menjadi hak konsumen karena secara tidak langsung telah membantu kelancaran distribusi (definis dari wikipedia).
Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, perjalanan bisnis MLM pun terus berkembang di Indonesia. Meskipun belum mencapai puncak kejayaan seperti di negara-negara lain, paling tidak MLM sudah berjalan di Indonesia. Itu artinya ada orang-orang Indonesia yang welcome terhadap bisnis MLM. Lalu bagaimana sebenarnya pandangan masyarakat Indoensia terhadap bisnis MLM? Bahkan ada yang menanyakan apakah bisnis MLM halal atau tidak.
Memang bisnis MLM banyak ragamnya, dari produk sampai sistem yang berbeda-beda. Berdasarkan perbedaan-perbedaan tersebutlah ada bisnis MLM yang HALAL ada juga yang tidak. Berikut saya kutip arikel dari MUI yang dipublikasikan dalam situs resminya www.mui.or.id.
MUI: Mayoritas MLM Tak Terjamin Kehalalannya
Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mencatat dari sekian kurang lebih 650 MLM yang pernah ada di Indonesia hanya 5 MLM yang sudah mengantongi status MLM syariah dari DSN MUI.Kelima MLM itu antara lain PT Ahad Net Internasional, PT UFO BKB Syariah, PT Exer Indonesia, PT Mitra Permata Mandiri dan PT K-Link Nusantara.
"Selebihnya tidak dijamin kehalalannya dari sisi produknya, sistemnya, pembagian bonusnya dan lain-lain," kata Anggota DSN MUI Mohamad Hidayat di gedung MUI, Jakarta, Senin (21/6/2010).
Hidayat menjelaskan ada katagori MLM yang berada di Indonesia yaitu yang sudah berbasis syariah dan konvensional. Khusus untuk konvensional yang sudah diverifikasi atau menjadi anggota Asosiasi Perusahaan Penjualan Langsung Indonesia (APPLI) hanya ada 65 perusahaan.
"Diluar yang 5 itu sebenarnya sudah ada 15 perusahaan yang mengajukan tapi kita tolak," katanya.
Dikatakannya untuk mendapatkan MLM bersertifikasi syariah sangat ketat, setidaknya ada 12 prinsip yang harus dipenuhi oleh MLM yang mengajukan ke DSN dan lulus mendapatkan sertifikat.
Sumber : www.mui.or.id
Dalam menentukan kriteria sebuah MLM halal atau tidak MUI Kota Bandung merilis juga fatwa MLM (Multi Level Marketing). MLM halal selama memenuhi prinsip-prinsip di bawah ini :
1. Tabadul al-manafi' (tukar-menukar barang yang bernilai manfa'at);
2. 'An taradlin (kerelaan dari kedua pihak yang bertransaksi dengan tidak ada paksaan);
3. 'Adamu al-gharar (tidak berspekulasi yang tidak jelas / tidak transparan),
4. 'Adamu Maysyir (tidak ada untung-untungan atau judi seperti ba 'i al-hashat yi: melempar barang dengan batu kerikil dan yang terkena lemparan itu harus dibeli, atau seperti membeli tanah seluas lemparan kerikil dengan harga yang telah disepakati, dan ba 'i al-lams yi: barang yang sudah disentuh harus dibeli),
5. 'Adamu Riba (tidak ada sistem bunga-berbunga),
6. 'Adamu al-gasysy (tidak ada tipu muslihat), seperti al-tathfif (curang dalam menimbang atau menakar),
7. 'Adamu al-najasy (tidak melakukan najasy yaitu menawar barang hanya sekedar untuk mempengaruhi calon pembeli lain sehingga harganya menjadi tinggi),
8. Ta 'awun 'ala al-birr wa al-taqwa (tolong menolong dalam kebaikan dan taqwa),
9. Musyarakah (kerja sama).
Pandangan Masyarakat Tentang Multi Level Marketing
Memang tidak semua orang Indonesia terbuka atau mau menerima terhadap bisnis MLM. Ada banyak orang yang alergi terhadap yang namanya bisnis MLM. Tentu dengan banyak alasan. Inilah yang selama ini MLM di indonesia dipandang sebelah mata oleh orang-orang Indoensia :
- Sebagian masyarakat kita pernah tertipu dengan money game yang berkedok MLM, walaupun ada produk yang dipasarkan, sehingga trauma/tidak percaya lagi dengan MLM.
- Janji-janji yang terlalu berlebihan yang tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan di lapangan.
- Banyaknya pemain-pemain MLM yang bersifat kutu loncat sehingga tidak memberikan contoh yang baik, mudah menjelekkan perusahaan yang pernah diikutinya.
- Adanya perusahaan MLM yang tidak bertanggung-jawab dalam hal pembayaran bonus member dengan berbagai alasan.
- Kurangnya sosialisasi di lapangan/kurangnya seminar-seminar terbuka untuk umum mengenai enterpreunership MLM.
- Kurang berperannya Asosiasi yang menaungi Industri MLM seperti APLI (tidak adanya kegiatan-kegiatan yang terbuka untuk masyarakat umum dan kurangnya penghargaan-penghargaan terhadap pelaku MLM, baik member maupun perusahaan).
- Pemerintah kurang memberikan perhatian khusus untuk industri MLM dan tidak tegasnya pemerintah memberantas praktek money games yang sangat merusak moral/mental masyarakat dengan menjanjikan cepat menjadi kaya tanpa kerja keras.
- Kurangnya media MLM yang berperan sebagai sarana Informasi maupun edukasi.
Dengan melihat fakta-fakta di atas, sekarang bagaimana pandangan anda secara pribadi dengan bisnis MLM. Apakah anda tertarik akan mengikuti bisnis MLM? Kalau anda sedang berencana mengikuti bisnis MLM semoga artikel ini bisa menjadi bahan pertimbgangan dalam memilih bisnis MLM yang akan dikuti.
Tips Memilih Bisnis MLM (Multi Level Marketing)
1. Lihat apakah MLM tersebut memiliki produk untuk dijual atau tidak. Apabila tidak memiliki produk, maka jelas itu adalah money game dan hukumnyapun sudah dijelaskan di atas, adalah haram.
2. Pelajari sistemnya. Apakah anda bisa nenjalankan bisnis dengan sistem yang diterapkan. Setiap MLM memiliki sistem yang berbeda dalam hal perekrutan member, pembagian komisi dan bonus serta kewajiban belanja produk.
3. Perhatikan apakah produk yang ditawarkan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat kebanyakan atau tidak.
4. Kalau bisa jangan mencari yang produknya terlalu mahal. Karena yang pertama menjadi bahan perimbangan calon pembeli atau calon member akan masalah harga.
5. Apakah ada suport dari upline. Jangan sampai kita setelah gabung kemudian ditelantarkan dan dibiarkan tersesat dalam ketidak tahuan.
Nah itulah pengetahuan tentang MLM (Multi Level Marketing) yang bisa disuguhkan oleh Keyword Tekenal. Semoga bisa bermanfaat bagi anda para pembaca.
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